Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
SUMMARY
Definitions
Pathophysiology
Classification
Etiologies
Examinations and clinical signs
Reviews and paraclinical signs
Complications
Taking care
1 definitions
1.1 non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Non Hodgkin lymphoma is a tumor that is malignant the lymphatic system developing in the lymphoid tissue containing bodies then invading the viscera, the bone marrow and blood, secondary to the malignant transformation of a lymphoid cell B or a T-lymphoid cell.
1.2 tumorA tumor is a proliferation of abnormal cells leading to a tissue mass that more or less resembles normal tissue counterpart and that grows beyond the organic rules of growth and cell differentiation (autonomy Biological).
The benign tumor accomplished not spontaneously to the death of the patient.
1.3 malignancy - CancerA malignant tumor or cancer is a proliferation of abnormal cells (tumor) leading to a tissue mass badly limited and irregular; that more or less resembles the tissue of origin and which is growing rapidly with a biological autonomy, by invading and destroying the tissue of origin and sometimes the surrounding tissue; and that may spread at a distance through lymph and blood, to form secondary tumors in other tissues: metastases.
The malignancy developed spontaneously at the death of the patient in the absence of treatment.
2 pathophysiologyAbnormal lymphoid cells come from the B lymphoid cell or T lymphoid cell malignant transformation
The proliferation of abnormal lymphoid cells takes place in any body containing or not, lymphoid cells
The lymphoid proliferation results in an extension of the tumor through the lymph, blood-borne or by contiguity
3 classification
Classification of Ann Harbor in 4 stages:
Stage I: reached a single ganglion region or a single lymphocyte structure (spleen, thymus, Waldeyer ring)
Stage II: with 2 or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. The upper, middle and lower mediastinum is considered as a single region but the lung hiles are considered independently of the mediastinum
Stage III: reached ganglion or lymphocyte structures on both sides of the diaphragm
Stage III-1: under diaphragmatic attack limited to spleen, the lymph nodes of the splenic hilum, Celiacs or door trunk
Stage III-2: lombo-aortic, iliac or mesenteric regions partnering or no to the invasion of the structures of the stadium III1
Stage IV: Infringement of an organ (not contiguous to a ganglionic impairment) or several viscera
4 Etiologies
Human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus
Autoimmune
Immunosuppression
Helicobacter pylori
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Toxic (pesticide)
Genetic factor
5 reviews and clinical signs
Lymphadenopathy: increase in the volume of a lymph node
Superficial Lymphadenopathy
Adenopathy closes
Painless Lymphadenopathy
Painful adenopathy by ingestion of alcohol
Asthenia
Hyperthermia
Sweaty night
Weight loss
Perception of an abdominal mass:
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Signs of compression:
Pain
Cough
Dyspnea
6 reviews and paraclinical signs
Ganglionic biopsy: to confirm the diagnosis
Biological assessment:
Blood count (NFS) - platelets
Blood electrolytes
Kidney function
Liver function
Assessment of extension:
Electrocardiography (ECG)
Chest x-ray
Best-abdominal-pelvic scan (CT: CT)
PET scanner
Abdominal ultrasound
Osteomedullaire biopsy
7 complications
Immunosuppression
Recidivism
8 taking care
Medical care:
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Immunotherapy: monoclonal antibodies
Analgesic
Peripheral stem cell autograft
Support and psychological support:
Psychological support for the patient and his entourage
Patient education:
Explain the disease, treatments, side effects
Accompany the patient to the acquisition of skills of self-care and adaptation, necessary for improving and maintaining the State of his health, his quality of life and those of his relatives
Update 11/12/2016
Morgan PITTE
Nurse health framework
References
College of the high authority for health (HAS) - Department of chronic diseases and patients support systems / National Cancer Institute (INCa) - Department of the recommendations for healthcare professionals. Affection of long duration (ALD) Guide:------"malignant tumor, malignancy of the lymphatic or hematopoietic - fabric non hodgkiniens adult lymphomas-". March 2012.
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